(Apr. 29, 1899 - May 24, 1974) Duke Ellington was an American jazz composer, pianist, and bandleader. Many regard Duke Ellington as the most important figure to emerge from the U.S. jazz scene in the twentieth century, although Ellington himself might have quibbled with the description, as he was reluctant to describe his work as anything more specific than "music". Ellington was one of the twentieth century's best-known African-American celebrities. He recorded for many American record companies, and appeared in several films.